In this talk, we discuss the likely evolution of device technology, architecture and software, as we prepare for the deployment of exascale platforms in the next decade. A variety of obstacles, many of them economic, rather than technical, may slow down the continued performance increase of silicon; some of this slow-down can be palliated by innovation in architecture and software. We shall discuss evolutionary solutions that are likely to carry us to the exascale era, and the more radical changes that will be needed in the “Post-Moore” era.